Food allergies in children are nightmares for every parent. The symptoms are not always the obvious — skin rashes and itching. In fact, they manifest in many ways than one and are different for each food. Here are the common foods that could give your child an allergy and how to spot one.

1. WHEAT (or GLUTEN)
Allergy to wheat or gluten is common among children and happens due to gluten, a protein component found in it. However, only 10 percent of gluten intolerances are genetic. Most of the other cases they are usually due to a bout of major illness or reaction to medications and surgeries. Apart from wheat, barley, rye and oats also contain gluten that could lead to the same allergy.
Symptoms to watch out for;
- Watery diarrhoea
- Indigestion that could lead to nausea, headache, excessive burping, etc.
- Stomach aches, due swelling of the intestinal wall
Food substitutes;
Wheat can be substituted by a number of flours like millets (jowar, ragi, bajra), rice, maize, amaranth etc as substitutes for breads and pancakes. Alternatively, potato starch and tapioca are used as baking agents for muffins and cakes.
2. SOYA BEAN
Although, not as common as wheat allergy, soya is not compatible in some children with a sensitive digestive system. Known as a potent food that leads to hormonal imbalances, it isn’t easy to digest for some kids.
Symptoms to watch out for
- Swelling on the hand and feet, tongue and lips
- Puffed eyes
- Flatulence and bloating
Food substitutes;
Since soy is mainly eaten for its complete protein content, any animal foods like milk, eggs or meat can be a good replacement. Alternatively, pulses, beans and sprouts are good substitutes too.
3. MILK
Allergy to milk, known as lactose intolerance, affects almost sixty percent of individuals all over the globe, at some point in life. Lactose intolerance is either primary or secondary. In the case of primary lactose intolerance, one is unable to tolerate milk or milk products. Whereas, those with secondary lactose intolerance can digest milk products like yoghurt, cheese, cottage cheese, etc.
Symptoms to watch out for;
- Bloating
- Heaviness in the stomach
- Flatulence
- Diarrhoea
- Vomiting
Food substitutes;
Almond milk, rice milk, soy milk, hemp milk, coconut milk are good replacers for milkshakes, baking and with cereal. Calcium substitutes include leafy vegetables, chickpeas, eggs and seeds. Protein can be substituted with soy, pulses, meat or eggs.
4. EGGS
Some children are allergic to this protein rich food and can’t take it a bit. While others might be allergic to either egg white or the yolk.
Symptoms to watch out for
- Skin reactions like red patches or rashes all over the body
- Stomach aches
- Wheezing or shortness of breath
Food substitutes;
Eggs are widely used for baking – and can be replaced with yoghurt or aquafaba (chickpea water). The protein content can be obtained from milk, pulses or meat.
5. NUTS
Peanut allergies are very common. However, other tree nuts like almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, pistachio are equally to be blamed.
Symptoms to watch for;
- Mild swelling of tongue, lips and eyes
- Nausea
Food substitutes;
Seeds are the best replacement for nuts nutritionally. Omega 3 can be obtained from egg yolk and the protein can be obtained from milk.
6. CHILLIES
Children usually can’t tolerate spicy foods, but that doesn’t indicate an allergy. Introduce chillies to your child from the age of two to allow the taste buds to develop optimally. However, they are usually allergic to fresh green chilli used to season a variety of dalsand curries in India.
Symptoms to watch out for;
- Refusing foods, even ice-creams due to itchiness in the tongue
- Runny nose
- Watery eyes
- Sore throat
Food substitutes;
Use more of pepper, celery and ginger as spice in cooking. Try small quantities of dried red chilli or paprika flakes once every 2 days.
GOOD TO KNOW
Most allergies go away as children grow, provided that adequate care is taken.
Children today are fussy eaters, and often refuse food that they don’t find tasty or appealing. This is not an ideal marker to detect allergies. Look out for physical signs and stool abnormalities.
While weaning babies, introduce one food at a time so as to detect allergies and intolerance.
Allergy symptoms in infants and toddlers change after five years of age. So check with your paediatrician or nutritionist and try to reintroduce the foods to your child.